Metropolitan areas refer to regions that consist of a large city or cluster of cities and their surrounding suburbs and towns. These areas are characterized by high population density, significant economic activity, and social interconnectedness. Metropolitan areas are often hubs of cultural, political, and economic activity, and are important centers for business, education, and innovation. Researchers study metropolitan areas to understand issues such as urbanization, transportation, housing, demographic trends, economic development, and social inequality. By examining metropolitan areas, researchers seek to gain insights into the complex challenges and opportunities facing modern urban centers.